Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) : Symptom, Risk Factor, Diagnosis, Treatment, And Drug

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is a chronic condition of mucosal damage caused by stomach acid coming up from the stomach into the esophagus.The esophagus is a muscular tube connecting the throat (pharynx) with the stomach.The stomach is a muscular organ located on the left side of the upper abdomen.The stomach receives food from the esophagus.GERD is caused by a failure of the lower esophageal sphincter.Reflux can be present without symptoms.

The Symptoms of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) :

• Heart burn (a burning sensation in the chest)
• Regurgitation 
• Difficulty or pain when swallowing
• Chest pain
• Nausea
• Increased salivation (water brash)
• Dry cough
• Sore throat or hoarseness
• Inflammation of the gums
• Bad breath

The Risk Factors of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) :

• Obesity
• Smoking
• A high blood calcium level
• Dry mouth
• Asthma
• Diabetes
• Scleroderma and Systemic sclerosis
• Pregnancy
• Hiatal hernia
• Visceroptosis or Glenard syndrome
• Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
• Delayed stomach emptying
• The use of medicines, such as prednisolone

Diagnosis of Gastroesophageal Reflux Syndrome (GERD) :

Some tests are done to diagnose GERD.

• Esophagogastroduodenoscopy  (EGD) is to examine the lining of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum.
• X-Ray of the upper digestive system.
• Endoscopy is to examine the inside of the esophagus.
• Ambulatory Acid (pH) Test is to monitor the amount of acid in the esophagus.
• Esophageal Impedance Test is to measure the movement of substances in the esophagus.

Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

1. Medications

• Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) are to block acid production and heal the esophagus.They are stronger than H-2 Receptor Blockers.Proton pump inhibitors include Omeprazole (Prilosec, Zegerid OTC) dan Lansoprazole (Prevacid 24 HR).
• H-2 Receptor Blockers are to reduce acid production.They decrease acid production from the stomach for up to twelve hours.They also provide longer relief.H-2 Receptor Blockers include Nizatidine (Axid AR), Ranitidine (Zantac), Cimetidine (Tagamet AB), and Famotidine (Pepcid AC).
• Antacids are to neutralize stomach acid.They provide quick relief.Antacids include Mylanta, Rolaids, Maalox, Gelusil, Gaviscon, and Tums.The side effects of antacid are diarrhea and constipation.
• Sucralfate needs to be taken multiple times a day, thus limiting its use.It has a similar effectiveness to H-2 Receptor Blockers.

Prescription-Strength Medications are used for longer than two or three weeks or for the symptoms are not relieved.

• Baclofen is to strengthen the lower esophageal sphincter, decrease the frequency of  relaxations of the lower esophageal sphincter, and decrease gastroesophageal reflux.It can treat severe reflux disease.Its side effects are confusion and fatigue.
• Prescription-Strength Proton Pump Inhibitors include Dexlansoprazole (Dexilant), Esomeprazole (Nexium), Pantoprazole (Protonix), Rabeprazole (Aciphex), Lansoprazole (Prevacid), and Omeprazole (Prilosec, Zegerid OTC).

2. Surgery

• Laparoscopic Fundoplication (Nissen Fundoplication) is a surgical procedure to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease.It strengthens the valve between the esophagus and stomach (lower esophageal sphincter)
• Linx Device consists of a series of titanium beads, each with a magnetic core, connected together with titanium wires to form a ring shape.The Linx device is surgically implanted around the lower esophageal sphincter to strengthen a weak sphincter.The Linx device helps in preventing stomach contents from flowing back into the esophagus.It cannot prevent the movement of food or liquids down the esophagus into the stomach.

3. Lifestyle

• Stop smoking
• Don't lie down after a meal
• Avoid-tight-fitting clothing
• Elevate the head of the  bed about 6 to 8 inches
• Lose weight
• Decrease alcohol intake
• Decrease caffeine intake
• Avoid Theophylline

Drugs for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

• Mylanta
• Rolaids 
• Maalox
• Gelusil
• Gaviscon
• Tums
• Nizatidine (Axid AR)
• Ranitidine (Zantac)
• Cimetidine (Tagamet AB)
• Famotidine (Pepcid AC)
• Dexlansoprazole (Dexilant)
• Esomeprazole (Nexium)
• Pantoprazole (Protonix)
• Rabeprazole (Aciphex)
• Lansoprazole (Prevacid)
• Omeprazole (Prilosec, Zegerid OTC)

The Benefits Of Zucchini Help in Colon Cancer, Bone, Eyes, Heart, And Blood Pressure

Zucchini (cougette) contains omega-3 fatty acid, beta-carotene, lutein, zea-xhantin,carbohydrate, dietary fiber, protein, vitamin A, vitamin B1 (thiamine), vitamin B2 (riboflavin), vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), vitamin B9 (folate) vitamin C, calcium, manganese, potassium, magnesium, copper, iron, zinc, and phosphorus.It has antioxidant property.

The folate ingredient of zucchini is highly commendable for pregnant women.Zucchini is a fruit or a vegetable that can be eaten and cooked.The flesh, seeds, and skin of zucchini are edible.Young zucchini has a subtle taste, soft covering and buttery white flesh.A cup of chopped zucchini provides 24 percent of the recommended daily vitamin C intake for men and 29 percent of the recommended daily vitamin C intake for women, and 43 percent of the recommended daily lutein and zea-xhantin intake.

The Benefits of Zucchini

• Protects against colon cancer
• Treats benign prostatic hypertrophy in men
• Reduces constipation
• Loses weight
• Prevents neural tube defects in the fetus
• Decreases blood pressure
• Prevents scurvy
• Prevents atherosclerosis
• Treats asthma
• Prevents easy bruising
• Cures osteoarthritis
• Treats rheumatoid arthritis
• Reduces the risk of heart attack
• Lowers the risk of stroke
• Prevents diabetic heart disease
• Lowers high cholesterol levels
• Keeps the heart strong
• Gives feeling of fullness
• Promotes eyes health
• Lowers homocysteine levels
• Prevents aging process
• Metabolizes cholesterol
• Protects cells from free radicals
• Aids in nerve cell communication
• Keeps the tissues strong
• Prevents eyes from UV rays
• Prevents blindness
• Prevents the risk of age-related macular degeneration
• Promotes healthy bone tissue development
• Helps the body in producing collagen essential for efficient wound healing

The Research has shown that the nutrients of zucchini are effective in the prevention of diabetic heart disease and atherosclerosis.

Certain Studies concluded that The zucchini had certain properties to treat effectively the benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) in men.The prostatic hypertrophy is the prostate gland become enlarged in an odd shape and size, which can cause trouble with both sexual and urinary function.

Studies have already declared that fiber-rich foods like zucchini help in alleviating cancer conditions by washing away the cancer-causing toxins from cells in the colon.

The American Optometric Association notes that Intakes of at least 6 milligrams of lutein and zea-xhantin in zucchini per day can reduce the risks for age-related macular degeneration and blindness.

Institute of Medicine has set 12 percent of recommended daily manganese intake for women and 10 percent of recommended daily manganese intake for men to protect the tissues from harmful free radicals and support the function of glycosyltransferases that is a family of proteins to promote healthy bone tissue development.

The Benefits Of Cauliflower Help In Various Types Of Cancer, Brain, Weight, And Bone

Cauliflower contains beta-carotene, beta-crytoxhantin, quercetin, rutin, kaempferol, cinnamic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid,  choline, omega-3 fatty acid, carbohydrate, dietary fiber, protein, vitamin B1 (thiamine), vitamin B2 (riboflavin), vitamin B3 (niacin), vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid), vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), vitamin B9, (folate), vitamin C (ascorbic acid), vitamin E, vitamin K, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, manganese, and sodium.

Cauliflower contains sulforaphane that is a sulfur compound to kill cancer stem cells and slow the growth of tumor.It has a rich  anti-inflammatory nutrients.Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) is an anti-inflammatory compound that may operate at the genetic level to prevent the inflammatory responses at its foundational level.One serving of cauliflower provides 77 percent of daily vitamin C allowance.Cauliflower is extremely low in calorie, very low in carbohydrate and sugar.Cauliflower has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

The Benefits of Cauliflower

• Prevents prostate cancer
• Lowers the risk of colorectal cancer
• Inhibits the growth of breast cancer
• Lowers the risk of lung cancer
• Prevents liver cancer
• Prevents stomach cancer
• Improves kidney function
• Improves blood pressure
• Improves DNA methylation
• Helps in the development of brain
• Improves learning and memory
• Diminishes the brain's vulnerability to toxins during childhood
• Wards off heart disease
• Wards off brain disease
• Wards off weight gain
• Prevents diabetes
• Reduces oxidative stress in the body
• Fights against common cold
• Boosts the immunity system
• Keeps arteries and blood vessels free from plaque build-up
• Reduces the chances of developing leaky gut syndrome
• Reduces inflammation
• Loses weight
• Prevents osteoporosis
• Reduces constipation
• Balances hormones partially by reducing unhealthy levels of estrogen.
• Prevents cataract
• Prevents cardiovascular disease
• Prevents macular degeneration
• Keeps bad bacteria from overwhelming the digestive system and allows good bacteria to thrive
• Keeps the body from harmful bacteria and infections

According to The National Cancer Institute states that Indoles and isothiocyanates have been found to inhibit the development of cancer in several organs in rats and mice, includding the bladder, breast, colon, liver, lung, and stomach.

According to The World's Healthiest Food and Researchers have determined that The sulforaphane made from a glucosinolate, such as glucoraphanin in cauliflower can help in protecting the lining of the stomach.

According to The Linus Pauling Institute states that Cauliflower is a rich source of sulphur-containing glucosinolates to lower the risk of colorectal cancer and lung cancer.

Studies have demonstrated that cruciferous vegetables like cauliflower can inhibit effectively the development of chemically induced carcinogenesis that act as an anti-mutagen to halt tumor cells from further reproducing.

The Benefits Of Green Beans Act As Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, Antidiabetic, Neuroprotective, And Antimicrobial Properties

Green beans contains beta-carotene, lutein, zea-xhantin, carbohydrate, dietary fiber, protein, vitamin A, vitamin B1 (thiamine), vitamin B2 (riboflavin), vitamin B3 (niacin), vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid), vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), vitamin B9 (folate), vitamin C (ascorbic acid), vitamin K, calcium, magnesium, potassium, phosphorus, manganese, zinc, and iron.The flavonol miquelianin (quercetin 3-O-glucuronide) is found in green beans.Carotenoid gives pigment in green beans.It contains a high amount of chlorophyll.

Green beans contains three carotenoids, including beta-carotene, lutein and zea-xhantin.Beta-carotene is converted into retinol, which is the form of vitamin A essential for normal night vision.Lutein and zea-xhantin absorb blue light, which protects the eyes from damage caused by the high intensity light.One cup of boiled green beans provides 29 percent of daily vitamin A allowance.Women have to consume 90 micrograms of vitamin k daily and men have to consume 120 micrograms of vitamin k daily.A cup of green beans provides 20 percent of daily vitamin k allowance, 10 percent of daily vitamin B9 (folic acid) allowance, 6 percent of daily iron allowance, and 4 percent of daily calcium allowance.

Green beans contains flavonoids, such as catechins, epicatechins, quercetin, and kaempferol.Catechins help in reducing body fat.Epicatechins improve heart health, prevent cancer and diabetes.Procyanidins act as antioxidant.Green beans has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, neuroprotective, and antidiabetic properties.

The other names of green beans

• String beans
• Snap beans
• French beans
• Fine beans

The Benefits of Green beans

• Promotes fertility
• Prevents colorectal cancer
• Protects infants against neural tube defects
• Prevents heart disease
• Prevents blood clots in the arteries and veins
• Prevents the loss of mineral
• Fights against flu
• Protects the eyes from hight intensity light
• Prevents depression
• Regulates mood
• Regulates appetite
• Reduces urinary excretion of calcium
• Decreases bone fracture risk
• Prevents obesity
• Reduces body fat
• Prevents diabetes
• Fights against cold
• Lowers the risk of the hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis)
• Reduces stroke
• Prevents vision deterioration
• Prevents osteoporosis
• Prevents constipation
• Prevents acid reflux disease
• Prevents hemorrhoids
• Prevents ulcers
• Keeps DNA production and cell division at optimum level
• Protects against macular degeneration
• Protects eyes health from UV rays by absorbing into the retina
• Neutralizes harmful free radicals
• Helps in keeping the system flushed from toxins

According to Harvard Medical School's Harvard Health Publications stated that For women of child-bearing age consumed more iron from plants sources, such as green beans, spinach, pumpkin, and beans to promote fertility.

Recent Studies have shown The consumption of green beans is beneficial for preventing pre-cancerous polyps that commonly lead to colon cancer.

Another Study showed that Green and yellow vegetables might lower the risk of heart disease and the hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis).

Studies have shown that Flavonoids in green beans play an important role in the prevention of cancer and heart disease, while offering a wide range of pharmacological benefits, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, and neuroprotective effects.

The Benefits Of Asparagus Protect Against Colon, Lung, Breast, Stomach, Cervical, And Pancreatic Cancers

Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) contains protein, omega-3 fatty acid, omega-6 fatty acid, choline, betaine, carbohydrate, dietary fiber, vitamin A, vitamin B1 (thiamine), vitamin B2 (riboflavin), vitamin B3 (niacin), vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid), vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), vitamin B9, (folate), vitamin C (ascorbic acid), vitamin E, vitamin K, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, selenium, magnesium, iron, zinc, manganese, and copper.

Glutathione in asparagus may help in protecting against certain cancers, such as breast cancer, colon cancer, bone cancer, and lung cancer.Thiamine in asparagus can aid the body convert carbohydrate to energy, which is important for metabolism, focus, and strength.Asparagus is a spring vegetable, a flowering perennial plant species.It has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

Amino acids in asparagus include

• Tryptophan
• Aspartic acid
• Glutamic acid
• Leucine
• Alanine
• Glycine
• Proline
• Serine
• Lysine
• Valine
• Arginine
• Histidine
• Tryrosine
• Cystine
• Phenylalanine
• Threonine
• Isoleucine
• Methionine

The Benefits of Asparagus

• Prevents hardening of the arteries
• Lowers risk of colon cancer
• Protects against bone cancer
• Protects against breast cancer
• Fights against lung cancer
• Protects against stomach cancer
• Protects against cervical cancer
• Protects against pancreatic cancer
• Reduces type 2 diabetes
• Decreases heart disease
• Slows the aging process
• Prevents skin from sun damage and pollution
• Promotes the production of urine
• Treats urinary tract infections
• Cures pain and swelling
• Lowers risk of allergies
• Decreases the risk of neural-tube defects in fetuses
• Aids in forming red blood cells
• Produces DNA
• Helps the building block of the human body, which carries genetic information
• Improves digestion
• Helps the function of liver
• Cleanses digestive tract
• Lowers risk of stroke
• Lowers risk of obesity
• Lowers risk of hypertension
• Overcomes fatigue and exhaustion
• Improves energy
• Rids toxins, pathogens from the body
• Regulates mood
• Regulates sleep
• Wards off depression
• Regulates appetite
• Maintains the strength and elasticity of bones and joints
• Prevents osteoporosis
• Increases urine output
• Prevents constipation
• Decreases cholesterol levels
• Loses weight
• Improves insulin sensitivity
• Decreases the risk of cardiovascular disease
• Protects against miscarriage in pregnant women
• Breaks down free radicals

According to The Department of Internal Medicine and Nutritional Sciences Program of The University of Kentucky states that High fiber intakes of asparagus are associated with significantly lowers risks of developing of coronary heart disease, hypertension, stroke, obesity, diabetes, and certain gastrointestinal diseases.

Researchers believe that Folate's protective effects have something to do with its role in DNA and RNA production and the prevention of unwanted mutations.

Researchers know now that Asparagus nutrition can help in maintaining a healty pregnancy.

Researchers have concluded that Another benefit of asparagus nutrition can treat urinary tracts infections and other conditions of the urinary tract that cause pain and swelling.

The Studies have demonstated that Vitamin K in asparagus can not only  increase bone mineral density in osteoporotic people but also reduce fracture rates.

The Benefits Of Turnip Act Anticancer, Antifungal, Antibacterial, Antiparasitic, Antioxidant, And Anti-Inflammatory Properties

Turnip green (Brassica rapa) contains omega-3 fatty acid (alpha-linolenic acid/ALA), carbohydrate, dietary fiber, protein, beta-carotene, lutein, zea-xhantin, vitamin A, vitamin B1 (thiamine), vitamin B2 (riboflavin), vitamin B3 (niacin), vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid), vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), vitamin B9 (folate), vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin K, calcium, magnesium, potassium, phosphorus, manganese, copper, sodium, and iron.The phytonutrients of turnip include kaempferol, quercetin, hydroxycinnamic acid, and myricetin, which help in lowering the risk of oxidative stress.Glucosinolates, such as glucotropaeolin and gluconasturtiian in turnip are responsible for many health benefits.

Turnip is a root vegetable grown in temperate climate for its white, bulbous taproot.Both turnip leaves and roots have a pungent flavor.One cup of turnip green provides over 600 percent of daily vitamin k need.Tunip has anticancer, antifungal, antibacterial, antiparasitic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory properties.

The Benefits of Turnip

• Reduces the risk of colorectal cancer
• Reduces the risk of lung cancer
• Prevents bladder cancer
• Prevents breast cancer
• Prevents prostate cancer
• Prevents ovarian cancer
• Enhances the body's detox system
• Fights against Alzheimer's disease
• Lowers levels of high blood pressure
• Fights against Parkinson's disease
• Improves liver function
• Fights free radical damage
• Boosts the immunity system
• Reduces inflammation
• Fights against heart disease
• Fights against diabetes
• Fights against arthritis
• Slows aging process
• Lowers LDL cholesterol levels
• Prevents heart attack or stroke
• Prevents bone breaks
• Decreases the risk of and progression of age-related macular degeneration
• Reduces effects of light scatter on visual performance
• Protects against photochemical reactions
• Decresses the prevalence in flare-ups of diverticulitis
• Improves endothelial dysfunction
• Inhibits platelet aggregation
• Prevents constipation
• Prevents obesity
• Loses weight
• Decreases the risk of cardiovascular disease
• Prevents harmful homocysteine build-up within the arteries

According to A 2013 Study published in The British Journal of Pharmacology stated that Food containing dietary nitrates like turnip and collard greens had been shown to have multiple vascular benefits, including  reducing blood pressure, inhibiting platelet aggregation, and improving endothelial dysfunction.

According to A Tissue Culture Study published in the March 2012 Issue of The International Journal of Oncology, stated that Brassinin in turnip helped in killing human colon cancer cells.

Studies show that Cruciferous and leafy green vegetables like turnip are most closely tied to the prevention of bladder cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer, prostate cancer, and ovarian cancer.

According to the November 2012 Issue of The Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, states that Turnip has the second highest level of glucosinolates among nine different cruciferous vegetables studied.Glucosinolate in turnip sprouts have anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, and antiparasitic benefits.Glucosinolate is a large group of sulfur-containing glucoside molecules.

According to A 2011 Report published in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition states that Cruciferous vegetable like turnip intake is inversely associated with risk of mortality due to heart disease in both women and men.

Recent Studies have shown that Dietary fiber in turnip may play a role in regulating the immune system and inflammation, consequently decreasing the risk of cardivascular disease, obesity, cancer, and diabetes.

The Benefits Of Sumac Acts Antioxidant, Antifungal, Antimicrobial, Anti-Haemorrhoidal, Antiseptic, And Anti-Inflammatory Properties

Sumac (Rhus coriaria) contains omega-3 fatty acid, protein, fiber, vitamin C (ascorbic acid), malic acid, citric acid, fumaric acid, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus.It has antioxidant, antifungal, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties.Sumac is used as a spice and a herb.It can be used for culinary and medicinal purposes.

Wild sumac contains calcium malate, fisetine, dihydrofisetin, tannic, gallic-acid-methyleser, tartaric acid, and iodine.An infusion of sumac leaves can be used to treat asthma, stomatosis, and diarrhea.Sumac leaves are useful for sore gums by chewing and sore lips by rubbing.Powdered bark of sumac is made as an antiseptic salve.An infusion of sumac blossoms can be used to wash the sore eyes.

Sumac is a shrub or small tree from 6 to 15 feet high with large pinnate leaves.Its flower is very small, greenish, creamy white or red with five petals.The fruits form dense clusters of reddish drupes.Fruits, bark, root and leaves of sumac are useful for medicinal purposes.

The Benefits of Sumac

• Prevents cancer
• Prevents heart disease
• Lowers blood pressure
• Improves circulation of blood
• Treats tuberculosis (TB)
• Prevents aging process
• Reduces prostate inflammation
• Treats gout
• Cures rheumatoid arthritis
• Treats fever
• Cures respiratory infections
• Helps in drying out the sinuses in colds
• Treats allergies
• Cures sinus infections
• Treats chickenpox
• Cures measles
• Reduces hemorrhoids
• Decreases atherosclerosis
• Reduces varicose veins
• Treats diabetes
• Reduces nervousness
• Cures fever
• Reduces anxiety
• Treats dysentery
• Reduces headache
• Improves concentration
• Reduces mental fatigue
• Treats diarrhea
• Cures colitis
• Treats gastritis
• Increases the secretion of breast milk
• Treats cold
• Cures sore mouth and throat
• Treats rectal bleeding
• Cures bladder inflammation
• Treats painful urination
• Cures retention of urine
• Treats asthma
• Cures skin rashes
• Treats dysmenorrhoea (painful menstruation)
• Cures febrile disease
• Prevents stroke
• Lowers cholesterol levels
• Treats tonsilitis
• Cures gonorrhea
• Treats flu
• Cures bronchitis
• Relieves stomach upset
• Decreases obesity
• Treats aspergillosis

According to F.Candan and A.Sokmen, Authors of a 2004 Study published in the Phytotherapy Research say that Sumac has strong antioxidant activity against cell-damaging free radicals.

According to O.Singh, lead author for a 2011 Study published in The German Bioscience Journal Zeitschrift Fuer Naturforschung said that The seeds of sumac (Rhus choriaria) might have antifungal action that was effective the human pathogen Aspergillus flavus.

According to G.T.Gunduz, lead author for a 2010 Study published in The International Journal of Food Microbiology says that Rhus choriaria (sumac) may have antimicrobial activiy that can combat Salmonella typhimurium.

A Study published in The Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research in 2014 reported that Patients with type 2 diabetes might be able to reap a range of health benefits by adding sumac to their diets.

A Study carried out by Scientists at The Sacred Heart School of Montreal, Canada, concluded that Tannins extracted from sumac appeared to possess potent antimigratory properties and might offer potential anti-atherosclerosis  benefits.