White Discharge Known As Vaginal Discharge : Sign Or Symptom, Cause, Color, Type, And Prevention

Discharge is a substance produced by the female productive  system that comprises of water, micro-organisms, and vaginal cell.White discharge or vaginal discharge is the biological fluid secreted from the vagina.The pH of White discharge normally is between 3.8 to 4.2. The pH of white or vaginal discharge may change depending on the disease present.The amount of vaginal discharge depends on the stage of cervical mucus production.It is secreted by the glands, located in the thickness of the cervical mucous lining.The process is regulated by the ratio of progesterone and estrogen levels in the blood.

THE STAGES OF SERVICAL MUCUS PRODUCTION

• Vaginal Discharge before period becomes thicker following the ovum's emergence from the follicle, in case conception does not take place.Its chemical composition changes under the influence of progresterone, which takes up the dominance in the second half of the cycle.
• Dry Days occur immediately after a period.There is almost no discharge in the period, since there is practically no estrogen activity.Chances of conception are minimal.
• The Dry Period is followed by white thick discharge, which is also little suitable for  comfortable fertilization in two or three days.
• The Discharge tends to acquire softer structure in another few days.It appears in the form of milky white cream-like mucus.
• It involves profuse liquid discharge in the next stage.
• The White Egg Stage actually preceeds ovulation.This period is marked by nutritive, sticky clear discharge and similar to the preceeding two stages it is highly suitable for providing a favorable environment for the encounter of sex cells.

Normal Discharge is cloudy white, has no odor or has slightly salty odor, increases in amount and become stringy (like egg white) during the middle of menstrual cycle when ovulating and is white or light yellow when drying on underwear.

A Vaginal Infection is known medically as Vaginitis.Vaginal infections happen in women for all ages ; to sexually active women and to women who are not sexually active.Vaginal discharge may occur if there is an infection in the cervix with gonorrhea or chlamydia.Vaginal discharge may increase due to stress and sexual arousal.

THE SIGNS OR SYMPTOMS OF WHITE DISCHARGE OR VAGINAL DISCHARGE :

• Vaginal discharge is different from normal
• The odor of vagina
• The itching of vagina
• Pain or irritation when urinating
• Pain or burning with sexual intercourse

THE CAUSES OF VAGINAL DISCHARGE

• Bacterial Vaginosis is a bacterial infection.This infection causes increased vaginal discharge that has a srong, foul, and sometimes fishy odor.This infection can be increased if women who recieve oral sex or have multiple sexual partner.

• A Yeast Infection is a fungal infection that produces white, cottage cheese-like discharge in addition to burning and itching sensation.The presence of yeast in the vagina is normal, but its growth can multiply out of control in certain situations.The yeast infection can be increased such, as :

- Stress

- Diabetes

- Pregnancy

- Antibiotics (especially prolonged use over ten days)

- The use of control birth pills

• Trichomoniasis is caused by a protozoan (a single-celled organism).This infection is usually spread by sexual contact, but it can also be contracted by sharing towels or bathing suits.This infection results in a yellow or green discharge that has a foul smell.Its common symptoms are pain, itching, and inflammation

• Gonorrhea and Chlamydia can produce an abnormal discharge, which is often yellow, greenish, or cloudy.

• Pelvic Inflammatory Disease is often spread by sexual contact.It occurs when bacteria spread up the vagina and into other reproductive organs.It may produce a heavy, foul-smelling discharge.

• Human Papiloma Virus (HPV) infection is spread by sexual contact, can lead to cervical cancer.It can produce a bloody brown and/or watery discharge with a bad odor.

• Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) is a tampon left in too long, a congenital vaginal or uterus problem, or an allergy to, or iritation from spermicides, vaginal hygiene products, detergents, and fabric softeners.

VAGINAL DISCHARGE BASED ON THE COLOR AND CONSISTENCY

• WHITE

A bit of white discharge is normal especially at the beginning or end of menstrual cycle.If the discharge is not normal accompanied by itching and has a thick , cottage cheese-like consistency or appearance.It is a sign of candida or yeast infection.

• CLEAR AND WATERY

Clear and watery are perfectly normal.It can occur at any time of the month.

• CLEAR AND STRETCHY

Clear, stretchy, and mucous-like rather than watery are normal.It indicates likely ovulating.

• BROWN OR BLOODY

Brown or bloody is usually normal, especially when it occurs during or right after menstrual cycle.A late discharge at the end of the period can look brown or instead of red.When spotting is experiencing a small amount of bloody discharge in between periods.

• YELLOW OR GREEN

Yellow or green is not normal when it is thick, chunky,  or accompanied by a bad smell.It is a sign of trichomoniasis infection.

Pathology Discharge can occur in a number of conditions, including infections and imbalances in vaginal flora or pH.The normal Vagina discharge pH ranges between 3.8 to 4.4.

FIVE TYPES OF PATHOLOGICAL VAGINAL DISCHARGE VARIANTS :

• CURDY DISCHARGE

The type of white or vaginal discharge occurs in the presence of fungal infection (thrush) before period.Fungal affection of the vagina assumes curdy discharge with acid , purulent smell, as well as significant swelling and reddening of vaginal mucous membrane.

• CREAMY STINKY VAGINAL DISCHARGE

The infection of the vagina can be affected by dysbacteriosis.This involves substitution of lactobacteria with pathogenic gardnerella vaginalis, which also make part of normal microflora, only in a limited number.In this case the mucus acquires fishy smell, which also provokes significant irritation in the area of sex organs.

• FOAMY DISCHARGE

It occurs the bubles in profuse liquid discharge.It is a symptom of trichomoniasis, which is a sexually contracted disease.

• CLEAR WATERY DISCHARGE

It contains the blood , while painful sensations may accompany the discharge from vagina.Such an alteration may be provoked by multiple conditions.

• MILKY WHITE DISCHARGE WITH VARIOUS ADMIXTURES

It appears the blood in the discharge.It is characteristics to various diseases, such as hormonal dysfunction, microtraumas, inflicted during intercourse, sexually transmitted disease, oncological pathologies of the uterus and the uterine cervix.

THE SYMPTOMS OF A PATHOLOGY

• White, thick, lumpy discharge that is itchy
• Discharge is accompanied by pain, itchiness, burning, and bleeding
• Foul-smelling discharge
• Green and foamy discharge
• Discharge is heavier or thicker than usual
• Grayish, yellowish, brownish, or greenish discharge

PREVENTION

• Keep the vagina clean and dry
• Never use the perfumed soaps, perfumed buble bath or gel, scented tampons, vaginal powders, or vaginal deodorant sprays.They can cause a vaginal infection and irritate a vagina.
• Practice a safe sex intercourse
• Don't wear tight and damp clothing because They can keep moisture in and irritate vagina.Using cotton underwear that absorbs moisture and allows air to get through.Avoid nylon and lyca.
• Don't douche.Douching can upset the normal balance of organisms in the vagina that can cause a vaginal infection and make an infection worse or spread the infection further up into the reproductive organs (uterus, fallopian tubes).
• Using protection to avoid sexually transmitted disease.

The Benefits Of Longan Become Tonic For Beauty And Health

Longan contains an active anti-aging ingredient.This ingredient can inhibit the activity of flavin protease-monoamine oxidase type B (MAO-B) that makes people age.Longan contains carbohydrate, protein, dietary fiber, threonine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, valine, arginine, histidine, alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, proline, serine, vitamin B1 (thiamine), vitamin B2 (riboflavin), vitamin B3 (niacin), vitamin C, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, calcium, iron, manganese, sodium, and zinc.Longan has anti-cancer, antioxidant, liver-protective, and relaxing properties.

Longan is a potent tonic herb that is a delicious fruit.Longan is used as a nutrient tonic for the skin that supports the beauty from within.It is not only good for skin but is also a sex tonic for women.It is an excellent fruit for athletes because it improves energy status by building blood.Longan is a valuable tonic for the weak and postpartum women because it is rich in sugar, especially the digestible monosaccharides, which can be directly absorbed by human body.

Longan is a tropical tree that produces edible fruit.This fruit is sweet and juicy.Longan has a drier sweetness.Its dry pulp contains 79.77% soluble fraction, 19.39% insoluble material, and 3.36% ash.

The soluble fraction in dry pulp of longan contains :

• 26.91% of Glucose
• 0.22% of Sucrose
• 1.26% of acids (mainly tartaric acid)
• 6.309% of adenine, choline, and other nitrogen-containing substances.

The Benefits of Longan

• Protects blood vessels
• Prevents the hardening of the arteries
• Prevents the embrittling
• Loses weight
• Keeps people young
• Inhibits cervical cancer
• Becomes tonic for the weak and postpartum woman
• Tonifies heart and spleen
• Calms the mind
• Replenishes blood
• Enhances immunity system
• Protects against heart disease
• Protects against chronic inflammation
• Adds luster, shine, and suppleness to the skin
• Improves cardiovascular system
• Produces new red blood cells
• Improves energy
• Becomes a sexual health tonic
• Imparts a sense of calmness to the spirit
• Increases physical stamina
• Supports peripheral circulation
• Maintains healthy blood levels
• Provides mood support
• Lowers stress levels
• Prevents cataract
• Increases iron intake
• Strengthens bone
• Treats insomnia
• Cures stomachache
• Treats amnesia
• Cures dropsy
• Treats neurasthenic neurosis
• Nourishes the blood

STUDY AND RESEARCH

Chinese Medicine Research Institute in Osaka Japan ever conducted an anti-cancer drug trial, in which more than 800 kinds of natural foods and medicine had been tested and the water extracts of longan were found with more than 90% inhibition rate on cervical cancer.

According to" An Archives of Ophthalmology " Study published in 2005 stated that not consuming adequate riboflavin could increase the risk of eye disorders, particularly cataracts.Raw longans have 0.14 milligram of riboflavin in each 3.5-ounce serving whereas dried longans have 0.5 milligram per serving.Eating 3.5 ounces of dried longans provides 45 percent of recommended daily allowance of riboflavin for women and 38 percent of the daily riboflavin requirement for men.

A Study published in 2013 in Maturitas reported that Postmenopausal women who had a lower mineral levels, such as copper were significantly more likely to develop osteoporosis as they age.900 micrograms of copper each day should be consumed by adult .A 3.5-ounce serving of dried longans provides 807 micrograms of the minerals.It almost achieves 90 percent of recommended daily allowance (RDA).

The Great Benefits of Grapefruit Fight Seven Types Of Cancer, Hepatitis C Virus, Reduce Cellulite, And Cholesterol Levels

Grapefruit contains water, carbohydrate, protein, dietary fiber, choline, vitamin A, vitamin B1 (thiamine), vitamin B2 (riboflavin), vitamin B3 (niacin), vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid), vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine), vitamin B9 (folate), vitamin C, vitamin E, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, calcium, iron, manganese, and zinc.Grapefruit has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

Grapefruit contains significant levels of anti-inflammatory and skin cleansing agent, including an enzyme bromelain that functions to break down cellulite.The enzyme called AMP-activated protein kinase in grapefruit helps in losing weight.Nootkatone is a compound in grapefruit that can increase fat-burning (AMPK) activity.Grapefruit has an enzyme called AChE (Acetylcholinesterase) that breaks down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine and has been used as medicine to treat Alzheimer's disease and autism.Lycopene is only found in pink and red grapefruit.Lycopene has anti-tumor activity.Glucarates are compounds in grapefruit that may prevent breast cancer.Phytonutrients in grapefruit called limonoids inhibit tumor formation by promoting the formation of glutathione-S-transferase, a detoxifying enzyme.Grapefruit mercaptan, a sulfur-containing terpene, is one of the substances which has a strong influence on the taste and odor of grapefruit.

The Benefits of Grapefruit

• Stimulates weight loss
• Reduces cellulite
• Enhances immunity system
• Treats anemia
• Treats Alzheimer's disease
• Prevents diabetes
• Cures autism
• Treats dementia
• Treats schizophrenia
• Cures Parkinson's disease
• Treats  glaucoma
• Cures myasthenia gravia
• Treats lucid dreaming
• Cures postural tachycardia syndrome
• Tightens and tones the skin
• Cleanses the skin
• Protects the skin from UV rays
• Controls heart rate
• Control blood pressure
• Reduces asthma
• Decreases osteoarthritis
• Reduces rheumatoid arthritis
• Fights free radical damage
• Lowers the risk of developing kidney stone
• Inhibits the hardening of the arteries
• Lowers the LDL or bad cholesterol
• Prevents dyslipidemia (high blood cholesterol)
• Repairs DNA in prostate cancer cells
• Inhibits hepatitis C virus
• Suppresses cancerous cell and tumor growth
• Inhibits colon cancer development
• Prevents prostate cancer
• Prevents breast cancer
• Prevents mouth cancer
• Prevents stomach cancer
• Prevents skin cancer
• Prevents lung cancer

STUDY AND RESEARCH

According to The International Journal of Cosmetic Science states that A grapefruit in a day keeps the cellulite away.

Scientist concluded that Eating grapefruit might help in inhibiting colon cancer development.

Research published in The Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition (Jian L, Lee AH et al.) suggests that Choosing to regular eat lycopene-rich foods, such as pink grapefruit may greatly reduce a man's risk of developing prostate cancer.

In Animal Studies and Laboratory Tests with human cells, limonoids in grapefruit have been shown to fight cancers of the mouth, skin, lung, breast, stomach, and colon.

A Study published in The Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry shows that Both blond and red grapefruit can reduce blood levels of LDL (bad) cholesterol and Red grapefruit can also lower triglycerides.

Israeli Researchers from The Hebrew University in Jerusalem first tested the antioxidant potential of blond and red grapefruits and then their cholesterol-lowering potential in human.

New Research presented at the 228th National Meeting of The American Chemical Society provides two more reasons to drink grapefruit juice namely protection against lung and colon cancers.

Researchers confirmed that Grapefruit might help in preventing weight gain by lowering insulin levels.

A Lab Study published in The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry reports that Naringenin, a flavonoid concentrated in grapefruit helps in repairing damaged DNA in human prostate cancer cells (Cell Line LNCaP).

The Benefits Of Eggplant Fight Cancer, Infertility, Treat Anemia, And Research

Eggplant has antioxidant, anti-mutagent, anti-microbial, anti-viral, anti-proliferative,  and anti-LDL (bad cholesterol) activities.Eggplant contains carbohydrate, protein, dietary fiber, vitamin B1 (thiamine), vitamin B2 (riboflavin), vitamin B3 (niacin), vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid), vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine), vitamin B9 (folate), vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin K, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, calcium, iron, manganese,  copper, and zinc.

Eggplant is unique in which it contains a somewhat rare and extremely beneficial type of antioxidant known as nasunin.Nasunin is a type of anthocyaninantioxidants found in all types of eggplant varieties.Nasunin can be found in the purple skin of eggplant.It is beneficial to eat the peel of the eggplant.Nasunin in its purple skin can fight free radical damage from the body.There are amazingly thirteen types of protective phenolic acids present at significant levels within eggplant.The antioxidant and phytonutrient levels of eggplants vary depending on their types, but they have similar qualities to fight cancer.Chlorogenic acid is one of compounds in eggplant that is beneficial for human health.Browning of eggplant flesh results from the oxidation of polyphenols, such as chlorogenic acid, the most abundant phenolic compound in the fruit.

Eggplant is used as GAPS Diet because of the benefits of eggplant nutrition.One cup of cooked eggplants provides 35 calories of daily recommeded value.One cup of cooked eggplants provides 6% of manganese, 4% of vitamin B1 (thiamine), 4% of vitamin B6, 4% of vitamin K in daily recommended value.

The Benefits of Eggplant

• Lowers high cholesterol
• Protects against cancel growth
• Loses weight
• Prevents skin cancer
• Protects DNA and membranes from oxidative stress and  damage
• Prevents mutation and cell death
• Improves blood flow
• Reduces plaque buildup in the main arteries, including the aorta
• Reduces apoptosis
• Lowers high cholesterol
• Flushes out waste and toxins from digestive tract
• Heals autoimmune conditions
• Reduces skin inflammation
• Loses weight
• Feeling full for longer
• Forms strong bones
• Fights infertility
• Prevents depression
• Helps the formation of connective tissues
• Controls blood sugar levels
• Regulates healthy thyroid gland function
• Assists reproductive health
• Prevents heart disease
• Maintains brain function
• Maintains metabolism
• Maintains focus
• Maintains healthy energy levels
• Treats anemia
• Cures chronic fatigue
• Regulates mood and sleep
• Protects against colon cancer
• Protects against liver cancer
• Lowers blood pressure
• Improves memory
• Prevents age-related mental disorder
• Fights against bacteria and fungi infections
• Prevents rheumatoid arthritis
• Lowers cardiovascular disease
• Promotes a healthy complexion and hair

STUDY AND RESEARCH

According to Studies state that nasunin is a potent fighter of inflammation and oxidative stress that act as O2 Scavenger and also an Iron Chelator to protect against lipid peroxidation.

In A Study published in the August 2000 Edition of Toxicology, Yasuko Noda of The University of California at Berkeley discovered that Nasunin in eggplant is a powerful antioxidant that protected brain cells from free radical damage in a test tube.

Studies have shown that Eggplant contains a potent cardio-protective compounds that have ability to increase left ventricular function (one of the main blood-pumping chambers of the heart and to reduce apoptosis.

The American Heart Association states that A healthy diet that includes fiber-rich food like eggplant can reduce cholesterol and the risk of heart disease.

Studies have shown that A high concentrated cream is made from the extract of eggplant skin that can help in fighting skin cancer.The cream contains 10 percent concentration of solasodine rhamnosyl glycosides, which is proved clinically as an effective treatment of several types of skin cancer, including ketatosis, basal cell carcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas.

In anothe Clinical Study, Researchers found that Increased intake of anthocyanin in eggplant was associated with lowering blood pressure significantly.

Research has shown that Anthocyanins in eggplant inhibit neuroinflammation and facilitate blood flow to the brain.

Researchers at The US Agricultural Service in Beltsville, Maryland have found that Eggplants are rich sources of phenolic compounds that function as antioxidants.

Several Studies show that The consumption of flavonoids known as anthocyanins in eggplant have played a major role in lowering cardiovascular disease risk.

According to The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition states that Eating foods containing flavonoids like eggplant are affiliated with a lower risk of mortality from heart disease.

The Benefits Of Sura As-Sajdah Will Be Given 60 Rewards, Forgiven 60 Sins, And Raised 60 Levels Nearer To Allah

Sura As-Sajdah means the prostration.Sura As-Sajdah is the thirty second chapter of the Qur'an with thirty verses.Prostration to Allah refers to As-Sajdah.A Sajdah to Allah reflects humility and khusu.Sajdah provides a Muslim with an opportunity to get closer to his or her Creator.Allah will raise someone one degree in paradise by sajdah (sujood) and forgive his or her sin if he or she performs sajdah much.


"The nearest a slave of Allah is to his Rabb (Lord) is in the state of sujood (prostration) so increase the Dua (that you make to Allah)." (Sahih Muslim)


" Whoever humbles himself or herself in front of Allah, He will raise him or her in status or rewards." (Sahih Muslim and Tabarani)


The Prophet Muhammad (SAW) said," My nation (ummah) on that day (the Judgement Day) will surely have bright faces because of sujood that they would have performed and bright arms and feet because of wudu (ablution)." (Hadith of Ahmad)

Khalid Ibn Ma'dan (RA) said, "Recite the deliverer, which is Alif Laam Tanzeel, for I have heard that a man who had committed many sins and he used to recite it and nothing else.It spread is wings over him and said," O my Lord, forgive him, for he often used to recite me.So The Lord Most High made it an intercessor and said, "Record for him a good deed and raise him a degree in place of every sin."



The Benefits of Sura As-Sajdah

• Whoever recites Sura As-Sajdah, he or she will get the same reward as one spends entire night of qadr in worship.

In the commentary of Burhan and it is narrated from The Prophet Muhammad (SAW) said that The reward of reciting Sura As-Sajdah is the same as what reward is gotten if one spends entire qadr night in worship.

• Whoever recites Sura As-Sajdah, he or she will be given 60 rewards.

• Whoever recites Sura As-Sajdah, he or she will be forgiven 60 sins.

• Whoever recites Sura As-Sajdah, he or she will be raised 60 levels nearer to Allah.

• Whoever recites Sura As-Sajdah, he or she will be counted from among the friends of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and his family.

Imam Ja'far As-Sadiq (AS) has said that one who recites Sura As-Sajdah will be given his or her book of deeds in his/her right hand on the Day of Judgement and will be counted from among the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) 's friends and his family.

• Whoever recites Sura As-Sajdah, he or she will be given his or her book of deeds in his/her right hand on the Judgement Day.

• Whoever keeps Sura As-Sajdah in writing work as a cure from pains and aches.

• Whoever recites Sura As-Sajdah and sura Fatir at the beginning of the nights, he or she will remain in divine protection till the next morning.

"The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) used to recite Sura As-Sajdah before sleeping." (At-Tirmidhi 5/165, Hakim 2/412 and Dhahabi in Sahih al Jamiea 22/789)

• Whoever recites Sura As-Sajdah and sura Fatir in the morning, he or she will remain in divine protection throughout the day.

Abdominal Pain Or Stomach Ache : Symptom, Location, Trigger Factor,

Abdominal pain (Stomach ache) is a common symptom associated with non serious disorders, and more serious condition temporarily.Term of abdominal pain generally is used to describe pain originating from organs within the abdominal cavity.The abdomen organs include stomach, small intestine, colon, liver, gallbladder, spleen, and pancreas.The abdomen is an anatomical area that is bounded by the lower margin of the ribs and diaphragm above, the pelvic bone below and the flanks on each side.

The Symptoms of Abdominal Pain

• Acute or began suddenly
• Burning
• Crampy
• Dull
• Intense
• Chronic or ongoing
• Gnawing
• Sharp
• Steady
• Intermittent or episodic
• Worsening or progressing
• Pain from gallbladder
• 
  

Causes of Abdominal pain

• Gastroenteritis
• Irritable bowel syndrome
• Inflammation of the stomach
• Urinary tract problems
• Constipation
• Gallbladder stone or pancreas problems
• Diverticulitis
• Appendicitis
• Cancer

Locations of  Pain

• Upper middle abdominal pain
• Upper right abdominal pain
• Upper left abdominal pain
• Middle of abdominal pain
• Lower abdominal pain
• Lower right abdominal pain
• Lower left of abdominal pain
• Pelvic pain
• Low back pain
• Right lumbago and back pain

Abdominal pain is accompanied by

• Abdominal swelling
• Black or bloody stool
• Diarrhea
• Fever
• Constipation
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Passing gas
• Pulsing sensation near the navel
• Rash
• Stomach growling
• Unexplained weight loss

Trigger Factors of Abdominal Pain

• Cough
• Drink alcohol
• Eat certain food
• Stress
• Menstrual cyscle

Diagnosis

Some procedures and test to diagnose  abdominal pain.

• Medical History is to get information about Patient"s health habit, past illness, and treatment.
• Physical Examination is to examine the body from signs or symptoms of abdominal pain.
• Blood Test is a laboratory analysis performed on a blood sample that is usually extracted from a vein in the arm using a needle or via fingerprick.It is to determine physiological and biochemical states, including disease, mineral content, organ function and pharmaceutical drug effectiveness.
• Pregnancy Test is determine whether a woman is pregnant.
• Liver Function Test is a test in which a blood sample is checked to measure the amounts of certain substances released into the blood by the liver.
• Urinalysis is a test that evaluates a sample of urine.
• Chest X-Ray is an x-ray of organs and bones inside the chest.
• Electrocardiograph is to rule out a heart attack which can occasionally present as abdominal pain.

If diagnosis of abdominal pain remains unclear after doing these above procedures and tests, the further investigations will be continued to diagnose it.

• Computed Tomography (CT) scan is a procedure that makes a series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body, such as the chest, abdomen, and pelvis taken from different angles.
• Abdominal or Pelvic Ultra Sound is a procedure in which high-energy sound waves (ultrasound) are bounced off internal tissues or organs of abdomen, pelvic and make echoes.
• Endoscopy is an instrument that is inserted into the urethra, passed into the bladder.
• Colonoscopy is a procedure to look inside the rectum and colon, other abnormal areas, or cancer.

Treatment Of Abdominal Pain

I. Medications

• Butylscopolamine (Buscopan) is to treat cramping abdominal pain.
• Bismuth subsalycylate (Pepto-Bismol), Ranitidine (Zantac), Loperamide (Modium) are to reduce symptoms of abdominal pain.
• Antacids are to relieve abdominal pain.

II. Surgery is a procedure to remove disease.

III. Chemotherapy is a treatment that uses drugs to stop the growth of cancer cells either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing.Chemoembolization of the hepatic artery is to treat cancer that has spread to the liver.

Home Remedies

• Drinking more water
• Eating more fiber
• Eating less food
• Drinking chamomile tea
• Starting BRAT Diet (Banan, Rice, Applesauce, and Toast) for a day.

Caution :

Don't take aspirin and Non-Streoidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) because they can cause intestinal bleeding and peptic ulcers.

The Great Benefits of Strawberry Fight Aging Process, Four Types Of Cancer, Neurological Disorders, And Inflammation

Strawberry contains carbohydrate, protein, dietary fiber, water, fluoride, choline, vitamin A, beta-carotene, vitamin B1 (thiamine), vitamin B2 (riboflavin), vitamin B3 (niacin), vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid), vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine), vitamin B9 (folate), vitamin C (ascorbic acid), vitamin vitamin E, vitamin K, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium,  calcium, iron, manganese sodium, and zinc.It has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

Strawberries are a high source of various antioxidants, such as anthocyanin, quercetin, flovonols, uteolin, gallic acid, and catechin.Chemicals present in the fragrance of strawberries include methyl acetate, (E)-2-hexenal, 1-hexanol, alpha terpineol, amyl acetate, amyl butyrate, benzaldehyde, benzyl acetate, butyl acetate, octanoic acid, furaneol, linalool, ocimenol, and propyl hexanoate.

One cup of strawberries provides 29 percent of daily manganese intake.Each one-cup serving of fresh strawberries provides 3 grams of dietary fiber or 10 percent of daily dietary fiber intake.One cup of fresh strawberries provides 4 milligrams of  vitamin C (149%l, 2 IU of vitamin A (89%).

The Benefits of Strawberry

• Reduces the risk of heart disease
• Decreases the risk of atherosclerosis
• Lowers blood pressure
• Reduces cardiovascular disease risk
• Decreases stroke risk
• Reduces inflammation in the body
• Reduces constipation
• Treats asthma
• Alleviates allergy symptoms, such as runny nose, hives, watery eyes
• Protects against skin damage
• Prevents depression
• Treats diabetes
• Decreases arthritis pain
• Lowers inflammation levels
• Slows down the aging process
• Lowers the risk of breast cancer
• Decreases the risk of skin cancer
• Reduces the risk of colon cancer
• Lowers the risk of prostate cancer
• Improves blood vessel function
• Decreases the tendency for dangerous blood clots forming inside blood vessels (thrombosis)
• Improves elasticity
• Reduces the levels of wrinkle and discoloration
• Improves a variety of inflammatory rashes
• Protects against aging in the brain
• Protects against inflammation of brain
• Defends against memory loss, like Alzheimer's disease
• Prevents dementia
• Defends against oxidative stress
• Detoxifies the body
• Promotes digestive regularity
• Reduces the inflammation in the gut
• Prevents neurological disorders like Parkinson's disease
• Prevents epilepsy
• Prevents anemia
• Helps the growth of tissues
• Prevents certain birth defects, including spina bifida
• Balances the pH level of the gut
• Reduces kidney disease

STUDY AND RESEARCH OF STRAWBERRY

According to A Study by Author Aedin Cassidy, PhD, MSc, BSc, A Nutrition at The Norwich Medical School in The United Kingdom stated that Consumption of flavonoids, such as anthocyanins in strawberry regularly could reduce the risk of heart attack by 32 percent in young and middle-aged women.

Research has shown that Strawberry benefits include the ability to block initiation of cancer cell formation (carcinogenesis) and suppressing progression and proliferation of cancerous tumour.

One Study have shown that Eating strawberries help to lower homocysteine levels, an amino acid in the blood associated with damaging the inner lining of arteries.

Studies show that Certain fruits prove to be very beneficial for optimal skin conditions, including fruits high in antioxidants like strawberries.

Studies indicate that Diets rich in strawberries and other berries may have the potential to protect against aging in the brain.

Certain Studies have suggested that The consumption of strawberry may have beneficial effects in humans, such as lowering blood LDL cholesterol levels, total cholesterol, reducing the oxidation of LDL cholesterol, and decreasing the spike in blood sugar after high sugar meals and the spike in blood cholesterol seen after high-fat meals.

Studies link Strawberry consumption with eye health, neurological health, protection against skin damage, lowering inflammation levels, and decreasing arthritis pain due to their ability to fight free radical damage.

Researchers discovered in 2011 that Eating about thirty seven strawberries a day can significantly reduced diabetic complications, including kidney disease and neuropathy.

The Benefits Of Melon (Cantaloupe) Prevent Seven Types of Cancer, Heart Disease, Blindness, And DNA Damage

Melon or Cantaloupe contains water, carbohydrate, protein, dietary fiber, choline, alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, lutein, zeaxanthin, beta-crytoxanthin, vitamin A, vitamin B1 (thiamine), vitamin B2 (riboflavin), vitamin B3 (niacin), vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid), vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine), vitamin B9 (folate), vitamin C, vitamin K, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, calcium, iron, manganese, copper, selenium, and zinc.

Cantaloupe provides range of antioxidants, phytonutrients, and electrolytes.The nutrients in cantaloupe can be found in its deep, orange color to prevent oxidative stress and inflammatory disease.Two types of cantaloupe's powerful antioxidant are carotenoids and cucurbitacins.Cantaloupe seeds are edible that contain omega - 3 fatty acid.Cantaloupe is one of the highest fruit sources of vitamin A.Cantaloupe nutrition's cucurbitacins may prove useful in treatment of different forms of heart disease because of their anti-inflammatory abilities.The root and rind of cantaloupe have anti-inflammatory abilities.The surface of a cantaloupe is recommended to wash and scrub thoroughly before cutting and consumption because it can contain harmful bacteria, especially Salmonella.

Adult should be provided 90 mg of vitamin C daily.A cup serving of cantaloupe provides 65 mg of vitamin C and 473 mg of potassium.One cup of serving cantaloupe provides 270 mg of  vitamin A more than daily recommended allowance.

The other names of cantaloupe

• Sweet melon
• Honeydrew
• Persian melon or spanspek
• Rock melon
• Mushmelon

The Benefits of Cantaloupe (Melon)

Vitamin A

• Makes healthy skin, teeth, bone
• Promotes retinal health.
• Keeps hair moisturized and healthy
• Maintains healthy mucus membranes
• Wards off DNA damage
• Prevents age-related macular degeneration
• Prevents blindness
• Prevents a thickening of the cornea
• Prevents glaucoma
• Reduces inflammation

Beta-Carotene

• Protects against asthma
• Protects against prostate cancer
• Prevents infections
• Boosts immunity system

Choline

• Reduces chronic inflammation
• Assissts in absorption of fat
• Helps in the transmission of nerve impulses
• Aids in muscle movement
• Helps in learning and memory
• Maintains the structure of cellular membrane
• Helps the body in sleep

Vitamin C

• Grows and maintains all tissue in the body.
• Heals wound
• Repairs cartilage
• Repairs bone
• Repairs teeth
• Builds and maintains of collagen
• Stops free radical damage
• Prevents cell mutation

Potassium

• Lowers blood pressure
• Reduces the impact of high sodium food
• Protects against heart disease
• Reduces the risk of stroke
• Reduces the formation of kidney stones
• Increases blood flow
• Aids muscle recovery quickly
• Reduces stress on the body
• Potassium acts as electrolyte to relieve bloating and swelling and treat diarrhea
• Prevents atherosclerosis

Fiber

• Prevents constipation
• Promotes regularity and maintains a healthy digestive tract

Water

• Prevents dehydration
• Detoxifies the body
• Expels toxins
• Wastes out gut
• Loses weight

Flavonoids, such as beta-carotene, lutein, zeaxanthin, cryptoxanthin.

• Prevents colon cancer
• Prevents breast cancer
• Prevents pancreatic cancer
• Prevents lung cancer
• Prevents endometrial cancer

Carotenoids

• Relieves pain and damage associated with sunburns
• Reduces the risk of skin cancer
• Prevents signs of aging on the skin, including fine lines, discoloration, and wrinkles

Cantaloupe as Alkaline food

• Helps in bringing the pH level of the body back to natural level
• Protects the body from inflammation and disease formation

STUDY

Studies show that Carotenoids help in retarding some of destructive processess in the retina and the retinal pigment lining which lead to age-related macular degeneration.

Studies suggest that Beta-carotene may enhance immune cell function that is useful in combating not only common illnesses but also serious illnesses, such as cancer.

Studies have shown that Lower levels of C - Reactive Protein (CRP) in experiment are present within the bloodstream of people who have particularly high intakes of cantaloupe.This shows that cantaloupe can stop dangerous inflammation and autoimmune responses that can lead to disease.

Studies show that Cantaloupe's antioxidant and cucurbitacins result cancerous cell apoptosis or self -destruction of the cancerous cell.Studies have shown that Cantaloupe can be useful in preventing colon, prostate, breast, endometrial, pancreatic and lung cancers.

Migraine : Symptom, Phase, Cause, Trigger Factor, Classification, Diagnosis, And Treatment

Migraine is a primary headache disorder characterized by recurrent headaches that are moderate to severe.The headaches are pulsate.They affect one half of the head and last from two to seventy two hours.Migraine headaches frequent start in chilhood, adolescence, or early adulthood.Before puberty migraine affects more boys than girls.Women have migraine two or three times more than men.The causes of migraine are not known.Migraine cannot be cured, but some treatments can manage its condition.

I. The symptoms of migraine

• Vomiting
• Nausea
• Sensitivity to light, smell, and sound
• Flashes of light
• Blind spots
• Tingling in the arm or leg
• Pain of one side of the head

II. Four Phases of Migraine

1. Prodrome
It occurs hours or days before the headache.

Its symptoms :

• Altered mood
• Irritability
• Fatigue
• Constipation
• Depression (Euphoria)
• Diarrhea
• Neck stiffness
• Food cravings
• Uncontrollable yawning
• Hyperactivity
• Sensitivity of smell or sound

2. Aura

It precedes immediately headache.It appears gradually over a number of minutes and generally lasts less than sixty minutes.

Its symptoms include :

• Loss of vision
• Blurring
• Flashes of light
• Seeing various shapes
• Pins and needles sensations in arm or leg
• Numbness
• Loss of position sense
• Speech or Language disturbances
• World spinning
• Motor problems
• The weakness of limb

3. Pain (headache phase ) or Attack

It usually comes regularly.It is aggravated by physical activity.The pain may occur primarily in the back or top of the head.The pain usually lasts four to seventy two hours in adults whereas the pain in young children lasts less than one hour.

The symptoms of pain include 

• Vomiting
• Nausea
• Confusion
• Blurred vision
• Nasal stuffiness
• A sense of world spinning
• Diarrhea
• Frequent urination
• Pallor
• Sweating
• Pain on one side or both sides of the head
• Pain that has a pulsating, throbbing quality
• Sensitivity of light, smell, sound
• Lightheadedness followed by fainting

4. Postdrome 

It is the migraine effect may persist for some days after the main headache has ended.

The symptoms of Postdrome include

• A sore feeling of migraine area
• Feeling tired or hung over
• Head pain
• Cognitive difficulties
• The changes of mood
• Weakness
• Gastrointestinal symptoms
• Malaise
• Depression
• Euphoric

III. Causes of Migraine

• Genetic
• Environmental factors
• Changes in brainstem and its interactions with the trigeminal nerve that is a major pain pathway.
• Imbalances in brain chemicals, such as serotonin that regulates pain in the nerve system.

IV. The Trigger Factors of Migraine

• Hormonal changes in woman during pregnancy or monopause.
• Hormonal medications, such as oral contraceptives, hormone replacement therapy.
• Age
• Sex
• Food, including salty food, aged cheese, fasting meal.
• Drinking of alcohol
• Stress
• Fatigue
• Hunger
• Sensory Stimuli like bright light, sun glare, perfume, paint thinner.
• Changes in wake-sleep pattern, including missing sleep or much sleep.
• Physical factor
• Changes in the environment

V. The Classification Of Migraine

Migraine can be divided into seven subclasses :

1. Common Migraine or Migraine without aura  is headaches accompanied without aura.
2. Classic Migraine or Migraine with aura is headaches accompanied by aura.
3. Childhood Periodic Syndromes are commonly precusors of migraine, including cyclical vomiting (occasional intense periods of vomiting), abdominal migraine (abdominal pain accompanied by nausea), and benign paroxysmal vertigo of childhood (occasional attack of vertigo)
4. Retinal Migraine is migraine headaches accompanied by visual disturbances or temporary blindness in one eye.
5. Migraine Complications are migraine headaches with or without aura that are unusual long or unusual frequent or associated with a seizure or brain lesion.
6. Probable Migraine is conditions that have some characteristics of migraines, but there is no enough evidence to diagnose it as a migraine with certainty
7. Chronic Migraine is a complication of migraines.It is headache that fulfills the criteria of diagnosis for migraine headache and occurs for a greater time interval or greater than fifteen days or three months.

VI. Diagnosis of Migraine

Migraine diagnosis is based on signs and symptoms.According to The International Headache Society uses Criteria of 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 for diagnosing migraine without aura.

5, 4, 3, 2, 1 Criteria include :

1. Four or more attacks-for migraine with aura, two attacks are sufficient for diagnosis.
2. Four hours to three days in duration.
3. Two or more of the following :

• Unilateral that affects half the head
• Pulsating
• Moderate or severe pain intensity
• Routine Physical Activity

4. One or more of the following :

•  Nausea
•  Vomiting
• Sensitivity of light (Photophobia) and sound (Phonophobis).

Diagnosis is more likely, If someone experiences two of these symptoms, such as photophobia, nausea, or inability to work or study for a day.

Diagnosis is 92 percent in a migraine if someone has four  symptoms for the following , pulsating headache, duration of four to seventy two hours, pain on one side of the head, nausea, or symptoms that interfere with someone's life.

Those with fewer than three of these symptoms are  probably 17 percent in a migraine.


VII. Treatment Of Migraine

Treatments have three main aspects namely the avoidance of trigger, the control of Acute Symptom, and pharmacological prevention.

I. The use of Medications :

1. Pain-Relieving Medication

• Analgesics, including Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB), aspirin, acetaminophen (Tylenol) are to relieve mild migraine.If they are taken too long periods of time, these drugs will cause gastrointestinal bleeding, ulcers, and medication-overuse headaches.
• Triptans are to relieve pain and symptoms of migraine, such as Sumatriptan (Imitrex), Frovatriptan (Frova), Almotriptan (Axert), Eletriptan (Relpax), Zolmitriptan (Zomig), Naratriptan (Amerge), Rizatriptan (Maxalt).People at risk of stroke and heart disease are not recommended to consume these medications.A single-tablet combination of Sumatriptan and Naproxen Sodium (Treximet) has proved to be more effective in relieving migraine symptoms than either medications on its own.
• Ergotamine and Dihydroergotamine can be used to treat pain more than 48 hours.
• Anti-Nausea Medications, including Metoclopramide (Reglan), or Prochlorperazine (Compro), Chlorpromazine. 
• Glucocorticoid, including Prednisone, Dexamethason should not be used frequently because of steroid toxicity risk.A glucocorticoid may be used in conjunction with other medications to improve pain relief.
• Ibuprofen and Triptan can be used for improving pain in children with migraines.Triptan side effects can cause nausea, vormiting, taste disturbance, dizziness, fatigue, low energy, nasal symptoms.Paracetamol is not effective in providing pain relief.

2. Preventive Medications are to reduce the frequency and severity of migraine attack.

• Cardiovascular drugs include Beta Blockers, such as Propranolol (Inderal La,  Innopran XL), Metoprolol Tartrate (Lopressor) and Timolol (Betimol), Calcium Channel Blockers, such as Verapamil (Calan, Verelan), The Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Inhibitor Lisinopril (Zestril).
• Antidepressants, such as Amitriptyline and Fenlafaxine (Effexor XR).
• Anti-Seizure Drugs include Valproate sodium (Depacon) and Topiramate (Topamax).
• OnabotulinumtoxinA treats chronic migraine headaches in adults.

II. Devices and Surgery

Medical devices :

• Biofeedback helps people be conscious of some physiological parameters so as to control them and try to relax.It is used for the treatment of  migraine.
• Neurostimulation uses implantable neurostimulator for the treatment of intractable chronic migraines with encouraging results for severe cases.
• A Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation Device is used for the prevention of migraine.

Migraine Surgery improves decompression of certain nerves around the head and neck.

III. Alternative Medicine

• Acupuncture treats headache pain.
• Massage Therapy reduces the migraine frequency.
• Herbs, and vitamin and mineral consumption are to prevent migraine and decrease the severity of migraine.

IV. Lifestyle And Home Remedies 

• Doing the exercises of muscle relaxation, such as yoga, meditation.
• Rest and Relax
• Keeping a head diary
• Don't over sleep by getting an enough amount of sleep each night.

The Amazing Benefits Of Shallot Treat Gut, Allergies, Inflammation, Fever, Loss weight, And Prevent Six Types Of Cancer

Shallot has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-allergen benefits.Shallot's oils like sulfoxides possesses antibiotic, antidiabetic, hypo-cholesterolaemic, fibrinoyitic, and various other biological actions.

Shallot contains carbohydrate, protein, dietary fiber, vitamin B1 (thiamine), vitamin B2 (riboflavin), vitamin B3 (niacin), vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid), vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine), vitamin B9 (folate), vitamin C (ascorbic acid), potassium, phosphorus, magnesium,  calcium, iron, manganese, copper, and zinc.

Shallots are known to have anticancer properties and immune-enhancing effects.Shallots have a natural cooling effect on the body that can lower inflammation, swelling, water-retention, and muscle ache.Two compounds of shallot have a healing properties for reversing disease such as allyl propyl disulphide, a sulfur compound and quercetin, a flavonoid compound.Glutathione is called as a master of antioxidant that improves health powerfully in multiple ways.

The Benefits of Shallot

• Protects against stomach cancer
• Protects against colon cancer
• Protects against breast cancer
• Reduces lung cancer
• Reduces oral cavity cancer
• Prevents liver cancer
• Protects against brain and spine birth defects
• Boosts circulation in the body
• Lowers levels of cholesterol
• Prevents atherosclerosis
• Prevents coronary heart disease
• Prevents heart attactk
• Prevents stroke
• Decreases blood pressure
• Reduces stress
• Stimulates the release of GABA (Gamma-Amino Butyric Acid) in the brain
• Detoxifies the body and eliminates carcinogens and toxins
• Prevents blood clots from forming
• Fights bacterial and viral infections
• Controls blood sugar levels
• Prevents insulin resistance
• Protects cardiovascular disease
• Prevents obesity
• Prevents weight gain
• Treats allergie
• Heals leaky gut syndrome
• Heals autoimmune disease
• Decreases the risk of hip fracture
• Prevents inflammation associated with food allergies or sensitivities
• Stimulates digestive enzymes
• Reduces oxidative stress within the digestive organs
• Fights candida
• Maintains strong bones
• Prevents dehydration or over-heating
• Helps with liver detox
• Decreases heat exhaustion
• Prevents constipation
• Treats fever, cold and flu
• Cures intestinal worms in the stomach
• Dilutes the phlegm
• Soothes nervous irritability
• Makes skin younger
• Prevents Alzheimer's disease
• Treats scalp infection
• Cures sore throat
• Promotes good eye health
• Treats bronchitis
• Cures cough
• Relieves head ache
• Cures boils

STUDY AND RESEARCH OF SHALLOT

Research published in The Asian Pacific Journal Cancer Prevention in 2012 showed that Ethyl Acetate Extracts (EEOs)  found in shallots and other onions have potent inhibitory effects on animal fatty acid synthase (FAS) that help in slowing down the growth of cancerous cells.

According to A 2013 Review done by The Department of  Applied Biology at Hongkong Polytechnic University stated that Allicin in shalllot was discovered to further protect the cardiovascular system by enhancing antioxidant status, and lowering the level of reactive oxygen species, and stimulating the production of glutathione.

According to A Report published in The Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, stated that Both Shallots and garlic contained protective sulfur-containing compounds mainly in the form of cysteine derivatives called cysteine sulfoxides.

Other Studies show that Shallots and other allium vegetables or herbs have anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial properties that are beneficial for skin, blood vessels, digestive organs, and muscle tissue.

The Association was investigated in the Netherlands Cohort Study on diet and cancer, which started in 1986 and followed by 120.852 men and women ranging in age from 55 to 69 years.Study stated that A strong inverse association between shallot consumption and stomach cancer incidence was found.

Some Studies have found that Ethyl Acetate Extracts (EEOs)  in shallot can suppress lipid (fat) accumulation and prevent obesity potentially.

A 2009 Study published in the Journal of Medicinal Food found that Shallots and onions are effective for impacting various events responsible for allergic reactions.

Researchers have found that Shallot's antioxidant enzyme, including superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase can fight common illnesses and more serious infections.

Gout : Symptom, Risk Factor, Diagnosis, Treatment, And Drug

Gout is recurrent attacks of inflammatory arthritis that can be a red, hot, tender, and swollen joint.Pain comes rapidly in less than twelve hours.Gout appears in the big toe, feet, knees, ankles, heel, wrists, and finger.Joint pain usually begins over two to four hours and during the night.Joint pain used to recover being milder within seven to ten days.Gout usually affects one joint at a time.It can affect many joints if it is not treated.

Symptoms of Gout

• Inflammation and redness
• Intense joint pain
• Lingering discomfort
• Limited range of motion
• Fatigue
• High fever

Risk Factor of Gout

• Family history of gout
• Age (30 year old and 50 years old)
• Sex
• Diet
• Obesity
• Medical conditions, such as high blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease, kidney disease, metabolic syndrome.
• Certain medications, such as Thiazide diuretics to treat hypertension, aspirin to increase uric acid levels, and anti-injection drug for undergoing an organ transplant.
• Physical Trauna
• Surgery
• Food high in purines, including red meat, sugary beverage, shellfish (lobster, shrimp), organ means (liver, sweetbread, tongue)
• Alcohol consumption excessively

Diagnosis of Gout

• Synovial Fluid Analysis is a definitive diagnosis of the gout is based upon the identification of monosodium urate crystals in synovial fluid.
• X-Rays is an x-ray of organs and bones inside the chest.
• Blood Test is to measure the level of uric acid in the blood.
• Ultrasound uses sound waves to create images of parts of the body.
• Computed Tomography (CT) scan produces detailed cross-sectional images of the body.
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a procedure that uses a magnet, radio, wave, and computer to make a series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body.

Treatment of Gout

• Take an inflammatory medications
• Drink plenty of fluids
• Relax
• An ice pack is wrapped in a cloth.It can be put on the sore joint for thirty minutes to reduce inflammation.It can do it in several times in a day.

Drugs for Gout Attack

• Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) include Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB), Naproxen Sodium (Aleve), Indomethacin (Indocin), Celecoxib (Celebrex) that prevent future attacks.The side effects of the drugs are stomach pain, ulcer, and bleeding.
• Colchicine includes Colcrys, Mitigare that relieve gout pain.The side effects of the drugs are nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting.
• Corticosteroids include prednisone that can be pill form or be injected into joint.The side effects of this drug are the change of mood, the increase of blood sugar levels, and the elevating of blood pressure.
• Pegloticase is treat gout and reduce uric acid.Its side effects are nausea, sore throat, bruising, chest pain, constipation, and vomiting.The drug is administered every two weeks by Intravenous (IV) infusion.

Drugs for Preventing Gout Complication

• Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors include Allopurinol (Aloprim, Lopurin, Zyloprim) and Febuxostat (Uloric) that block uric acid production and reduce gout risk.The side effects of Allopurinol are rash, low blood count.The side effects of Febuxostat are nausea, rash, and reduced liver function.
• Probenecid includes Probalan that removes uric acid and reduces gout risk.Its side effects are rash, stomach pain, and kidney stone.

Osteoarthritis : Symptom, Risk Factor, Affected Area, Diagnosis, Grading Scale, Treatment, And Drug

Osteoarthritis (OA) or Degenerative joint diseases is joint disease type that results from breakdown of joint cartilage and underlying bone.It occurs in people of all ages.Osteoarthritis usually happens in people older than sixty five years old.Osteoarthritis symptoms depend on which joints are affected and how severely they are affected.It is caused by mechanical stress on the joint and low grade inflammatory process.It develops as cartilage is lost and the underlying bone become affected.Osteoarthritis can cause crackling noise (crepitus) when the affected joint is moved or touched.

The Symptoms of Osteoarthritis

• Joint pain
• Joint swelling
• Stiffness
• Tenderness
• Reduced range of motion
• Loss of flexibility
• Numbness of the arms and legs or weakness
• Burning sensation
• Bone spurs
• Clicking or cracking sound when a joint bends

Risk Factors of Osteoarthritis

• Genetics
• Older Age
• Gender
• Obesity
• Joint injuries
• Certain occupations
• Bone Deformities
• Changes in sex hormone levels
• Diabetes
• Rheumatic 
• Gout

Parts of Body can be affected  by Osteoarthritis

• Hips
• Knees
• Fingers
• Feet
• Lower back
• Neck
• At the base of the thumb and big toe
• Hand
• Spine

Diagnosis of Osteoarthritis

• Medical Hystory is to get information about Patient"s health habit, past illness, and treatment.
• Physical Examination is to examine the body from signs or symptoms of colon cancer.
• Blood Test is a laboratory analysis performed on a blood sample that is usually extracted from a vein in the arm using a needle or via fingerprick.It is to determine physiological and biochemical states, including disease, mineral content, organ function and pharmaceutical drug effectiveness.
• Joint Aspiration in which doctor numbs the affected area and inserts a needle into the joint to withdraw fluid.
• X-Ray is an x-ray of organs and bones inside the chest.
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a procedure that uses a magnet, radio, wave, and computer to make a series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body.

Classification System for Gradation of Osteoarthritis (OA)

• WOMAC SCALE

The Western  Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (Womac) is a set of standardized questionnaires used by health professionals to evaluate the condition of patients with osteoarthritis of the knee and hip, including pain, stiffness, and physical functioning of the joints.A womac test takes about twelve minutes, but is available in a short form.

WOMAC measures :

• Five items for pain : Score range 0 - 20
• Two items for stiffness : Score range 0 - 8
• Seventeen items for functional limitation : Score range 0 - 68

Physical Functional questions cover daily activities :

• Stair use
• Standing up from a sitting or lying pisition
• Standing
• Bending
• Walking
• Sitting
• Lying in the bed
• Shopping
• Getting in and out of a car
• Getting in or out of a bath
• Putting on or taking off socks
• Heavy and light household duties

• KELLGREN- LAWRENCE Grading Scale

The KELLGREN-LAWRENCE Grade (K-L System) is a scoring tool used to assess the severity of knee osteoarthritis on a plain radiograph.

KELLGREN -LAWRENCE SCALE :

• GRADE 0 : No radiographic features of osteoarthritis.
• GRADE 1 : Possible joint space narrowing and osteophyte information.
• GRADE 2 : Definite osteophyte formation with pissible joint space narrowing.
• GRADE 3 : Multiple osteophytes, definite joint space narrowing, sclerosis and possible bony deformity.
• GRADE 4 : Large osteophytes, marked joint space narrowing, severe sclerosis and definite bony deformity.

Treatment of Osteoarthritis

I. Physical Therapy

• Weight Management is to eat fewer calories and increase physical activity for losing weight.Losing weight is to reduce pain and limit further joint damage for people with osteoarthritis.
• Stretching of joint slowly and gently can improve flexibility, lessen stiffness and decrease pain.Yoga and Taichi can be done.

II. Pain and Anti-Inflammatory Medications, including pill, syrup, injection, cream or lotion.

III. Physical Occupational Therapy

• Heat and Cold Therapies.
• Range of motion and Flexibility exercises.
• Assistive Devices, such as canes, splints, steering wheel grisps, custom knee braces, shoe orthotics that help in function and mobility.

IV. Natural and Alternative Therapies

• Nutritional Supplements, such as Glucosamine Sulfate and Chondroitin.Glucosamine should not be used for people in allergy of shellfish.A mixture of avocado with soybean oil can treat knee and hip osteoarthritis.
• Massage
• Acupunture or acupressure
• Hydrotherapy
• Relaxation Teqhniques

V. Surgery

• Joint Replacement Surgery (Arthroplasty) is to repair or replace severely damaged joints, especially hips or knees.
• Osteotomy is a surgery that cuts across the bone either above or below the knee to realign the leg.It reduces knee pain by shifting the body weight away from the worn-out part of the knee.

VI. Lifestyle and Home Remedies

• Exercises, such as swimming, walking, biking.
• Apply over-the counter pain cream.

Drugs For Osteoarthritis

• Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs), including ibuprofen (Motrin IB, Advil), aspirin, COX-2 Selective Inhibitors (celecoxib), and naproxen (Aleve) that can ease inflammation and relieve pain.NSAIDs should not be used for people in over sixty five years old and stomach bleeding.The side effects are stomach upset, beeding problems, and ringing in the ears.The use of diclofenac is for topical.
• Analgesics, such as Acetaminophen (Tylenol), tramadol that can relieve pain.
• Corticosteroids are anti-inflammatory drugs that are taken by mouth or injected into a joint.
• Hyaluronic Acid acts as a shock absorber and lubricant.