Gout : Symptom, Risk Factor, Diagnosis, Treatment, And Drug

Gout is recurrent attacks of inflammatory arthritis that can be a red, hot, tender, and swollen joint.Pain comes rapidly in less than twelve hours.Gout appears in the big toe, feet, knees, ankles, heel, wrists, and finger.Joint pain usually begins over two to four hours and during the night.Joint pain used to recover being milder within seven to ten days.Gout usually affects one joint at a time.It can affect many joints if it is not treated.

Symptoms of Gout

• Inflammation and redness
• Intense joint pain
• Lingering discomfort
• Limited range of motion
• Fatigue
• High fever

Risk Factor of Gout

• Family history of gout
• Age (30 year old and 50 years old)
• Sex
• Diet
• Obesity
• Medical conditions, such as high blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease, kidney disease, metabolic syndrome.
• Certain medications, such as Thiazide diuretics to treat hypertension, aspirin to increase uric acid levels, and anti-injection drug for undergoing an organ transplant.
• Physical Trauna
• Surgery
• Food high in purines, including red meat, sugary beverage, shellfish (lobster, shrimp), organ means (liver, sweetbread, tongue)
• Alcohol consumption excessively

Diagnosis of Gout

• Synovial Fluid Analysis is a definitive diagnosis of the gout is based upon the identification of monosodium urate crystals in synovial fluid.
• X-Rays is an x-ray of organs and bones inside the chest.
• Blood Test is to measure the level of uric acid in the blood.
• Ultrasound uses sound waves to create images of parts of the body.
• Computed Tomography (CT) scan produces detailed cross-sectional images of the body.
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a procedure that uses a magnet, radio, wave, and computer to make a series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body.

Treatment of Gout

• Take an inflammatory medications
• Drink plenty of fluids
• Relax
• An ice pack is wrapped in a cloth.It can be put on the sore joint for thirty minutes to reduce inflammation.It can do it in several times in a day.

Drugs for Gout Attack

• Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) include Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB), Naproxen Sodium (Aleve), Indomethacin (Indocin), Celecoxib (Celebrex) that prevent future attacks.The side effects of the drugs are stomach pain, ulcer, and bleeding.
• Colchicine includes Colcrys, Mitigare that relieve gout pain.The side effects of the drugs are nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting.
• Corticosteroids include prednisone that can be pill form or be injected into joint.The side effects of this drug are the change of mood, the increase of blood sugar levels, and the elevating of blood pressure.
• Pegloticase is treat gout and reduce uric acid.Its side effects are nausea, sore throat, bruising, chest pain, constipation, and vomiting.The drug is administered every two weeks by Intravenous (IV) infusion.

Drugs for Preventing Gout Complication

• Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors include Allopurinol (Aloprim, Lopurin, Zyloprim) and Febuxostat (Uloric) that block uric acid production and reduce gout risk.The side effects of Allopurinol are rash, low blood count.The side effects of Febuxostat are nausea, rash, and reduced liver function.
• Probenecid includes Probalan that removes uric acid and reduces gout risk.Its side effects are rash, stomach pain, and kidney stone.