The Normal and Abnormal Symptoms In A Newborn Baby Or An Infant

A Newborn is an infant who is only hours, days, or up to a few weeks old.In medical context, newborn or neonate refers to an infant in the first twenty eight days after birth.

The characteristics of normal Symptoms in Nerwborn baby or infant :

• A newborn's head is very large in proportion to the body and the cranium is enormous relative to his or her face.
• The soft spots on baby's head is known as the fontanels.It is not brain.The soft spots exist in order to safely negotiate the narrow birth canal, a baby's skull is flexible.
• There is a Baby's pulse in his or her fontanels.Because the fontanels cover areas of the skull that have not yet fused together.They are soft that make veins and arteries visible.
• Some newborns have a fine, downy body hair called lanugo.
• A newborn's skin is often grayish,  to dusky blue in color after birth.The colour of the skin reaches its normal tone within a minute or two minute after beginning to  breathe.
• After birth, A newborn has the rash that develops shortly.It consists of  red blotches in a random distribution all over the infant.Most blotches have a central yellow-white pimple.The rash comes, goes and changes frequently.It lasts about two up to three weeks or disappers spontaneously.
• A newborn may have mongolian spots, various other birthmarks, or peeling skin, particularly on the wrists, hands, ankles, and feet.
• A newborn's shoulders and hips are wide, the abdomen protrudes slightly.
• A newborn's arms and legs are relatively long with respect to the rest of the body.
• A newborn's genitals are enlarged and reddened, with male infants having unusual large scrotum.
• The breasts of female infants and male infants may be enlarged.This is caused by naturally occuring maternal hormones.It is a temporary condition.Females and males may actually discharge milk from their nipples called witch's milk.
• Menstrual period in newborn female baby lasts about one week.Some baby girls experience one or two days and other  do not experience it at all.During pregnancy the infant comes in contact with reproductive hormones.Maternal hormones crossing the placenta stimulate growth in the infants uterine lining.
• Infant's urine may contain significant amounts of uric acid.These uric acid crystals get trapped in the diaper liner and appear like red brick dust.So these cause the urine appearance like blood.
• Baby sneezes all the time because the newborn has just emerged from his watery home in the uterus.It is likely to have at least a little congestion which may cause quite a few sneezes.Unless his sneezing is accompanied by thick, yellow mucus, which indicates a cold.
• Baby has soft and squishy poops after every feeding.Breasfed baby may poop after each feeding because breast milk is so quickly digested.As far as the squishy issue is concerned, most newborn poops are soft simply because they are on an all-liquid diet.
• The average of birth weight is typically in the range of 2,7 up to 4,6 kilograms.The average of a full-term newborn birth weight is approximately 3,4 kilograms.
• A newborn may need to comfort himself or herself  by suckling his or her thumb or a pacifier.
• The umbilical cord of a newborn is bluish-white in colour.After birth, the umbilical cord is normally cut, leaving a 1-2 inch stub.
• The cry of a newborn is as a form of basic instinctive communication.It is to express various feeling, such as hunger, discomfort, boredom, overstimulation, loneliness, and wanting something.
• A newborn hiccup constantly.Some say that it is due to miscommunication between the brain and diaphragm, the abdominal muscle that controls breathing.Regardless of the cause, hiccups are a harmless part of babyhood.
• Normal blood pressure of a newborn is 75-100 mmHg of Systolic, 50-70 mmHg of Diastolic.
• Normal heart rate (BPM) of a newborn is 120-160.
• Normal respiratory rate of a newborn is 30-60.

The abnormal symptoms in the newborn baby or infant

• Baby's lips are turning blue or mucus membranes in his/her mouth or tongue turn blue because it is a sign that he/she is not getting enough oxygen.This condition is known as cyanosis.
• All babies grunt and groan from time to time.But if their breathing is consistently hard and fast.They are using their chest muscles more than they should be and that their nostrils flare out.It may be a sign of respiratory distress.
• Baby is not making wet diapers.It is a sign of dehydration.One diaper for every day old up to six days of age and then six wet diapers a day going forward.At the least, that means two diapers for two days-olds, three diapers for three days-olds and so on.The other signs of severe dehydration include dry mouth, sunken eyes and lethargy.
• The babies throw up greenish bile.It is serious because green bile can  indicate that the intestines are blocked, which needs immediate attention.Vomit looks like coffee grounds.It is serious because it is a sign of internal bleeding.Vomiting after head injury will also require evaluation because it can be a sign of a concussion or of bleeding inside the cranium.Head injuries with or without vomiting should be evaluated by a doctor.
• An infant  is less than three months and has a raectal temperature  greater than 100.4 F or 38 C .It can be anything from a cold to meningitis.Fever in an infant is very non-spesific.Fever in the newborn should be treated seriously.
• A newborn  is getting yellower and yellower after birth, she or he may have worsening jaundice.Bilirubin is produced by the liver.The liver in the baby is like a furnace that it takes a while to get it going.It is ok.When the baby is born if his/her liver is not up to speed, bilirubin can build up in the body and cause the skin to turn a yellowish colour.Not all jaundice is dangerous.Some is normal and will go away on its own but if it is increasing as opposed to going away, it may need an evaluation.If bilirubin levels skyrocket, they can affect the brain, causing seizures and permanent damage.