Dyspepsia (Indigestion) is a condition of impaired digestion, such as upper gut.The upper gut include esophagus, stomach and duodenum. The gastrointestinal tract (gut) is the tube that transfers food to the digestion organs and expells waste.It extends from the mouth to anus.It is divided into upper tract and lower tract.
The Symptoms of Dyspepsia
- Upper abdominal pain or belching
- Nausea
- Heartburn (a burning sensation felt in the lower chest area)
- Feeling full earlier than expected when eating
- Upper abdominal fullness
- Bloating
- Vomiting
- Bitter-tasting liquid coming up into the back of the throat ( water brash)
- Depression
- Increased anxiety
- Black stools (severe)
- Trouble swelling (severe)
- Unexplained weight loss (severe)
- Bloody vomiting like coffee grounds (severe dyspepsi)
The Common Causes involve Dyspepsia
- Peptic ulcer disease is an ulcer of the stomach or duodenum.
- Non -ulcer dyspepsia (functional dyspepsia) is indigestion without evidence of an organic disease that is likely to explain the symptoms.
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), including gastritis, gastroparesis, inflammatory bowel disease, coeliac disease.
- Medications, such as aspirin, ibuprofen, antibiotics (metronidazole, macrolides), diabetes drugs (metformin, alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, amylin analogs, GLP-1 receptor antagonists), antihypertensive medications (angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, angiotensin II receptor antagonists), cholesterol-lowering agents (niacin, fibrates).
- Liver and pancreas disease, such as chronic pancreatitis, cholelithiasis.
- Helicobacter pylori infection.
- Systemic diseases, such as coronary disease, congestive heart failure, diabetes mellitus.
Diagnosis
Some procedures, tests and causes are diagnosed.
- Medical history
- Eating habits
- Physical Examination
- X-rays images of abdomen
- Endoscopic Examination
- Biopsy
- Blood Test
- Test of gallbladder or pancreas
The tests for diagnosing bacteria Helicobacter pylori
- A Breath Test is to confirm for having of a current bacteria Helicobacter pylori infection.
- An Alternative Test is the stool antingent test.It is to give a pea-sized sample of the tools (faeces) which is tested for helicobacter pylori.
- A Blood Test is to detect antibodies to bacteria Helicobacter pylori.
- A small sample (Biopsy) of the stomach lining
Treatment for Dyspepsia
- H2 Receptor Antagonist (H2RAs), including Zantac and Pepcid are to work in reducing stomach acid.Side effects of these medications are nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, rash or itching, constipation, headache, bleeding and bruising.
- Proton Pump inhibitors (PPIs), such as Prilosec are to reduce stomach acid.They are stronger than H2 Receptor Antagonists.The side effect of these medications include nausea, vomiting, constipation, diarrhea, cough, headache, backache, dizziness, and abdominal pain.
- Prokinetics, including prescription medications ; Reglan, Motilium are to improve the muscle action (motility) of digestive tract.The side effect of these medications are depression, anxiety, involuntary movements or spasms, and fatigue.
- Over-the-counter antacids, including Maalox, Mylanta are to neutralize acid in the stomach.The side effect of these medications may cause diarrhea and constipation.
- The changes of lifestyle and home care include avoiding spicy, fatty foodd that can trigger heartburn, reducing the consuming of the amount of coffeee, soft drinks and alcohol, Eating slowly, stopping smoke, eating smaller meals throughout the day, getting plenty of rest, losing excess body weight, stop taking aspirin, NSAIDs medicines that irritate the lining of stomach, and for posture lying down or bending forward alot during the day thar encourages reflux, sitting hunched up.
Drugs for Dyspepsia
To treat peptic ulcer by reducing stomach acid :
- Zantac
- Pepcid
- Prilosec
To treat bacteria Helicobacter pylori by using combination with antibiotics
- Clarithromycin
- Amoxicillin
To neutralize stomach acid by using antacids (alkali liquids or tablets)
- Maalox
- Mylanta
To reduce acid in the stomach
- Omeprazole
- Lansoprazole
- Pantoprazole
- Rabeprazole
- Esomeprazole
- Cimetidine
- Nizatidine
- Ranitidine
- Famotidine
Alternative Medicine
To treat non-ulcer dyspepsia as anti-dyspeptic effect by using herbal products found tn the several herbs, such as peppermint and caraway.
No comments:
Post a Comment