The Benefits Of Nutritious Mushroom And The Effects Of Poisonous Mushroom

Mushroom is the fleshy, spore bearing body of a fungus, typically produced above ground on soil or in foods source.Mushroom contains essential sources such as vitamin B2 (riboflavin), vitamin B3 (niacin), vitamin D, amino acid.Mushroom is the highest rank among vegetables for protein content and is low in fat, and high in fibre.It stimulates immune system.It is nutritious.Eating two or three types of mushroom per day can provide the proper amount of essential amino acid required by the body.Normally, one adult can consume mushroom about 200 grams - 800 grams per day.For elderly people and children consume about 200 grams and 500 grams are sufficient. Some mushrooms are edible such as button mushroom, straw mushroom, oyster mushroom, shitake mushroom, reishi mushroom, cordyceps mushroom, maitake mushroom, chaga mushroom, lion's mane mushroom, enoki mushroom, flat mushroom, swiss brown mushroom, and deceiver mushroom.It is better to buy mushrooms from store if you can not identify the nutritious mushrooms with poisonous mushrooms.Some resembles with poisonous mushroom's shape.


The most common poisonous mushrooms

• Death cap mushroom (Amanita phalloides)

The characteristics of death cap mushroom

• The spore print is white.The young speciments first emerge from the ground resembling a white egg covered by a universal veil, which then break, leaving the volva as a remnant.
• The stipe is white with a scattering of grayish-olive scales.
• The color of the cap can be pale-, yellowish-, or olive-green.
• The crowded white lamellae (gills) are free.
• Poisonous.

• Destroying angel mushroom (Amanita virosa)

The characteristics of destroying angel mushroom

• A white stalk and gills. 
• The cap can be pure white or white at the edge and yellowish, pinkish, or tan at the center.
• It has a partial veil or ring (annulus) circling the upper stalk and the gills are free, not attached to the stalk. 
• The structure breaks as the young mushroom expands, leaving parts that can be found at the base of the stalk as a boot or cuplike structure, and there may be patches of removable material on the cap surface.
• Poisonous.

The Effect of death cap and destroying angel mushrooms can cause certain death to people to consume these mushrooms because they contain a deadly toxin.Signs of poisoning become apparent 6-24 hours after eating the poisonous mushrooms including nausea, vomiting, cramps, abdominal, and diarrhea.The symptoms are violent vomiting, acute cramping,  and bloody diarrhea.Untreated cases cause death due to permanent debilitating liver or kidney damage whereas survivors never fully recover from permanent organ damage.

• Fly agaric mushroom (Amanita muscaria)

The characteristics of fly agaric mushroom

• Gills on hymenium.
• Cap is flat or convex
• Hymenium is free.
• Stipe has a ring and volva.
• Spore print is white.
• Ecology is mycorrhizal
• Poisonous or psychoactive

The effect of fly agaric mushroom can cause delirium, apparent innebriation, manic behavior and a tendency to perceive small objects as very large because it contain toxic.Some people eat this mushroom will exhibit a desire for intense physical activity like a deep sleep, usually with visions and nausea followed by vomiting.Symptoms appear half an hour to two hours after ingestion and last for up to four hours or more.The moral support is needed to reassure the victim  that the toxin of mushroom effect is  just temporary as the best treatment.

• Yellow staining mushroom (Agaricus xanthodermus)

The characteristics of  yellow staining mushroom

• Gills on hymenium.
• Cap is convex.
• Hymenium is free.
• Stipe has a ring
• Spore print is brown.
• Ecology is saprotrophic.
• Poisonous.

Yellow staining mushroom is poisonous.Its symptoms are nausea, vomiting, stomach cramps, and diarrhea.The signs appear shortly after eating.The severity symptoms vary dependind on the amount eaten.

• Deadly fibrecap mushroom (Inocybe erubescens)

The characteristics of deadly fibrecap mushroom

• Gills on hymenium.
• Cap is campanulate or conical.
• Hymenium is adnate.
• Stipe is bare.
• Spore print is brown.
• Ecology is mycorrhizal.
• Deadly

Deadly fibrecap mushroom is lethally poisonous, even in small quantities.The mushroom contains high levels of the toxin muscarine that can cause blurred vision, increased salivation, excesssive sweating, bronchial secretions, abdominal cramping, increased gastric acid secretion, diarrhea, and polyuria.If muscarine reaches the brain that can cause tremor, convulsions, and hypothermia.

• Cortinar mushroom (Cortinarius)

The characteristics of cortinar mushroom (C.orellanus and C.rubellus)

• Gills on hymenium.
• Cap is umbonate.
• Hymenium is adnexed.
• Stipe has a cortina.
• Spore print is brown.
• Ecology is mycorrhizal.
• Deadly.

The cortinar (cortinarius) mushroom  refers to members of genus.Cortinarius are poisonous that can cause acute tubulointerstitial nephritis.Due to dangerous toxicity of several species such Fool's webcap (Cortinarius orellanus) and Deadly webcap (Cortinarius rubellus).These mushrooms contain the toxin orellanine which is easy to detect because it is fluorescent.

• Ivory funnel mushroom (Clitocybe deabalta)

The characteristics of ivory funnel mushroom

• Gills on hymenium.
• Cap is depressed.
• Hymenium is adnate.
• Stipe is bare.
• Spore print is white.
• Ecology is saprotrophic.
• Poisonous.

Ivory funnel mushroom has the main toxic component that is muscarine.The symptoms are caused by muscarine including greatly increased salivation, sweating (perspiration), and tearflow (lacrimation) within 15 minutes until 30 minutes of ingestion.Eating in large doses, these symptoms nay be followed by abdominal pain, severe nausea, diarrhea, blurred vision, and labored breathing.Intoxication generally subsides within two hours.Death is rare, but may result from cardiac and respiratory failure in severe cases.The specific antidote is atropine

• Livid entoloma mushroom (Entoloma sinuatum)

The characteristics of Livid entoloma mushroom

• Gills on hymenium.
• Cap is convex.
• Hymenium is adnate.
• Stipe is bare
• Spore print is pink.
• Ecology is mycorrhizal.
• Poisonous.

The luvid entoloma mushroom is poisonous.Its poisoning is mainly gastrointestinal in nature.The symptoms are diarrhea, vomiting, and headache.Symptoms occurs 30 minutes to 2 hours after consumption and the last for up to 48 hours.Acute liver toxicity and psychiatric symptoms like mood disturbance or delirium may occur.Rately depression symptoms may last for months.At least one source reports that have been fatalities in adults and children.Hospital treatmen of poisoning by tjis mushroom is usually supportive; antispasmodic medicine may lessen colicky abdominal cramps and activated charcoal may be administered early on to bind residual toxin.Intravenous may be required if dehydration has been extensive, especially with children and elderly.Metoclopramide may be used in cases of recurrent vomiting once gastric contents are emptied.

• Sulfur tuft mushroom (Hypholoma fasciculare)

The characteristics of sulfur tuft mushroom

• Cap is hemispherical.It is smooth and sulphur yellow with an orange-brown centre and whitish margin.
• Gills are crowded that are yellow but darken to a distinctive green color as the blackish spores develop on the yellow flesh.
• Spore print is  purple brown.
• The stipe is up to 10 cm tall and 1 cm wide, light-yellow, orange-brown below, often with an indistinct ring zone coloured dark by the spore.
• Poisonous

Sulfur tuft mushroom is poisonous that cause mild severe gastrointestinal irritation.Symptoms appear within an (1) hour but can at rare times appear in four (4) hours.Symptoms may range from mild to acute including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal cramps.Symptoms subside when the body gets rid of the meal but in severe cases, medical treatment and hospitalization are needed to maintain fluids and electrolyte balance.Death can occur from heart failure secondary to dehydration and electrolyte depletion, but this is rare.